Key Points Incidence In 2017, there were an estimated 32,670 new cases of oral cavity cancer with an estimated 6650 deaths due to the disease. Biologic Characteristics Growth patterns depend on the oral cavity subsite of the cancer. Cancers can…
Although representing about 4% of cancers, a variety of neoplasms with diverging natural histories arise in the relatively small body region of the head and neck. Essential basic physiological functions that are critical for expression, respiration, nutrition, and social interactions…
Key Points Incidence An estimated 3540 cases of primary ocular tumors occur annually. Uveal melanoma is the most frequently occurring intraocular primary tumor; retinoblastoma, seen primarily in children, is the second most frequently occurring primary tumor. Biologic Characteristics Specific histopathology…
Key Points Incidence Spinal cord tumors (excluding bony metastases) are rare tumors representing only 3% of all central nervous system malignancies. They are anatomically classified into three main categories based on their relationship with the cord: extradural, intradural extramedullary, and…
Key Points Incidence Pituitary tumors represent approximately 10% to 15% of primary intracranial tumors. Biologic Characteristics The vast majority of pituitary tumors are benign and may be functional (i.e., secrete excess hormones) or nonfunctional. The pathogenesis of pituitary tumors is…
Meningiomas Incidence Meningiomas comprise approximately 35% of all primary intracranial neoplasms, rendering them the single most frequently reported primary intracranial tumor. Because of the significant longevity associated with this diagnosis, the estimated prevalence of 97.5 per 100,000 is significantly higher…
Key Points Incidence There are approximately 75,000 new cases of brain tumors diagnosed in the United States each year. Gliomas now account for nearly 75% of malignant brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor.…
Key Points Epidemiology The estimated incidence of low-grade gliomas (LGG) is approximately 2,000 cases per year, comprising 5-10% of newly diagnosed primary brain tumors. Biological Characteristics Molecular characterization has emerged as a critical element in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management…
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Local tumor control is now achieved with modern combined-modality therapy. Metastatic disease, therefore, dominates the survival outcomes of patients with cancer. Metastases to the bone, lung, liver, and brain cause organ dysfunction and pain, with substantial changes in quality of…