Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a clinical syndrome that mimics the signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction ( Fig. 60.1 ). In patients with CIPO, no mechanical obstructive lesion is found on evaluation. CIPO is now thought to be a…
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the onward passage of intestinal contents is limited by mechanical abnormalities or a functional disturbance ( Fig. 59.1 ). Peristaltic activity may be abolished by reflexes originating from diseased structures within, or remote from, the abdominal…
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A diverticulum of the small bowel is a “blind” outpocket from the hollow viscus that consists of one or more layers ( Fig. 57.1 ). Incidence at autopsy ranges from 0.2% to 0.6%. Diverticula are less common in distal areas…
The yolk sac is connected to the primitive tubular gut by the vitelline (omphalomesenteric) duct in early embryonic stages and is normally obliterated about the seventh week of fetal life. Failure of the duct to disappear results in a variety…
Congenital lesions develop in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and may cause intestinal obstruction ( Fig. 55.1 ). Almost all presentations are in newborns and necessitate immediate surgery. The most common site of complete obstruction or atresia (congenital absence or closure)…
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Although the small bowel is long and convoluted, imaging modalities allow its visualization ( Figs. 53.1 and 53.2 ). Barium contrast studies, computed tomography (CT) with enterography, and several forms of endoscopy (direct, wireless capsule, double balloon) are used to…
Secretin became the first gastrointestinal (GI) hormone identified in humans in 1902. Since then, a myriad of GI peptides have been identified as hormones. Most have been verified, others have not; regardless, their functions are extremely important. GI hormones act…
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