Category Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Clinicians can now examine the anal canal, rectum, and colon with ease and with little discomfort to the patient. The indications for each procedure depend on the clinical presentation. For example, red blood on toilet paper or blood dripping into…

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The Structure and Histology of the Colon and Sigmoid Colon The large intestine varies in caliber depending on its functional state. Haustra form sacculations that are separated by constricting furrows, so that the lumen bulges and contracts alternately. The caliber…

This chapter discusses ileostomies and colostomies. Gastroenteric anastomoses also are discussed in Chapter 41, Chapter 42, Chapter 43 and in Chapter 191 . Ileal pouch anal anastomoses are discussed in Chapter 93 . Total or partial colectomy with resultant ileostomy…

Eighty percent of gastrointestinal (GI) neuroendocrine tumors are made up of enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids, duodenal gastrin G-cell tumors, and rectal trabecular L-cell carcinoids. Less common neuroendocrine tumors are gangliocytic paragangliomas, somatostatinomas, lipomas, and schwannomas. Pathologic study has revealed that the…

Malignant tumors of the small intestine are rare. Their frequency in a large autopsy study was lower than 0.1%. Although the small bowel is the largest gastrointestinal organ, less than 5% of malignant tumors arise in the small intestine. The…

Benign tumors of the small intestine are rare. In a series of 22,810 autopsies, the incidence was 0.16%. The neoplasms may be located anywhere in the small bowel. Stromal tumors, or leiomyomas, are more common in the jejunum, and adenomas…

Intussusception is the invagination of a portion of the intestine into the contiguous distal segment of the enteric tube ( Fig. 71.1 ). It usually occurs in infants at 4 to 10 months of age and is associated with acute…