Systemic Sclerosis Synonyms Systemic sclerosis: ▪ Scleroderma ▪ Progressive systemic sclerosis Subtypes of cutaneous involvement: ▪ Diffuse ▪ Limited (includes CREST syndrome) Key features ▪ An uncommon autoimmune connective tissue disease of unknown etiology ▪ Characterized by symmetric hardening of…
Synonyms ■ Dermatomyositis ■ Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies ■ Idiopathic inflammatory dermatomyopathies Key features ■ Autoimmune connective tissue disease of uncertain etiology demonstrating a bimodal age distribution with both juvenile and adult forms ■ Clinical and laboratory signs of proximal extensor…
Synonyms/variants ▪ Discoid lupus erythematosus: a subset of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus ▪ Lupus profundus: a variant of lupus panniculitis ▪ Lupus erythematosus tumidus: tumid lupus Key features ▪ There are several variants of cutaneous lupus, defined in part by…
Key features ▪ Autoantibodies can be of significant value in the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of autoimmune connective tissue diseases (AI-CTDs), but their interpretation depends on the type of autoantibody and the specific AI-CTD ▪ The classic ANA assay remains…
Sweat Glands Eccrine Sweat Glands Key features ▪ 2–5 million eccrine glands are unevenly distributed over the skin surface ▪ In healthy individuals, eccrine sweat is 99% water ▪ Sweating is a reflex sympathetic autonomic function mediated by cholinergic neurons…
Introduction This chapter will review both superficial and deep forms of folliculitis as well as disorders of follicular keratinization and the follicular occlusion tetrad (acne conglobata, hidradenitis suppurativa, dissecting cellulitis, and pilonidal sinus). Examples of superficial folliculitis include those due…
Introduction The term “ rosacea ” encompasses a constellation of clinical findings, with the key components being persistent facial erythema and inflammatory papulopustules. Additional features are facial telangiectasias, a tendency for frequent facial flushing (sometimes referred to as “pre-rosacea”), non-pitting…
Synonym ▪ Acne Key features ▪ A multifactorial disorder of the pilosebaceous unit ▪ Significant psychologic and economic impact ▪ Clinically characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, cysts, and potential scarring Introduction Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disorder of the pilosebaceous…
Eccrine, Apocrine, and Apoeccrine Sweat Glands Key features ▪ Eccrine sweat glands are activated by emotional and thermal stimuli and are necessary for thermoregulation; they have a generalized distribution, with the highest density on the palms and soles ▪ The…
A wide variety of conditions can cause vesicles, pustules, bullae, erosions, and ulcerations during the newborn period and infancy. Accurate and prompt diagnosis is important because some of the underlying disorders represent potentially life-threatening infections; conversely, many are benign and…