The human central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord. This chapter briefly discusses the major surface and internal structures of the brain (summarized in Fig. 3.26 ) and, together with the following six chapters, lays…
As complex as the human nervous system is, it starts out embryonically as a simple, tubular, ectodermal structure. An understanding of the development of the nervous system helps make sense of its adult configuration and organization. Similarly, congenital malformations of…
The aims of this book are to present and explain some basic anatomical facts about how the brain is put together, to discuss aspects of how it works, and to present clinical features to aid in application and retention. This…
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Chapter 1 1. b. Lemniscus, fasciculus, and peduncle all refer to white matter structures, leaving putamen as the logical choice. The putamen is in fact a large nucleus that is part of the basal ganglia. 2. a. The lenticular nucleus…
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The nervous system is a lot less able to repair itself after damage than some other organs are, but that doesn't mean it can't change. There's extensive adjustment of connections during development, but even in adult brains, synapses all over…
There is a whole sphere of mental activity that goes beyond simple perception of stimuli and logical formulation of responses. We have drives and urges, and most of our experiences are emotionally colored. This emotional coloring and its relationship with…
The cerebral cortex is ultimately the part of the CNS that makes us human. Other parts of the CNS like sensory pathways bring in raw data, the reticular activating system adjusts levels of excitability, but the cortex is where events…
Photoreceptors throughout the animal kingdom use G protein–coupled transduction mechanisms for added sensitivity, but they pay a price in speed: images need to stay still on the retina for a tenth of second or so at a time to be…