Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of previous edition authors W. Michael Walsh, MD; Ronnie D. Hald, PT, ATC; Laura E. Peter, MD; and Morris B. Mellion, MD . General Classification of Musculoskeletal Sports Injuries Musculoskeletal sports…
Connective Tissue Disorders Marfan Syndrome Overview: Inheritable autosomal-dominant genetic condition that affects the processing of fibrillin; it is caused by >1800 mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin-1 (FBN-1), located on chromosome 15 at the q21 loci. Approximately 10% of patients…
General Principles Skin infections account for 21% of illnesses and injuries reported in collegiate sports and 8.5% in high school sports. In collegiate sports, skin infections account for 1%–2% of all time-loss injuries. Twenty percent of National Collegiate Athletic Association…
General Principles Headache is one of the most common disorders and symptoms reported to primary care, the emergency department, and team physicians. Complaints of headache account for 1%–4% of primary care office and emergency department visits. In the general population,…
Epilepsy and Seizure Activity in Athletes Definition Seizure: A transient disruption of brain function from abnormal, excessive, synchronous neuronal activity in the brain; its clinical manifestation depends on the specific region and extent of the brain involved, which may include…
Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction Definitions: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is defined as a transient narrowing of airways in response to exercise and can be classified as with asthma (EIBa) or without asthma (EIBwa). EIB can present with classic asthma symptoms or with more…
General Principles An estimated 108 million Americans over the age of 18 years have hypertension (HTN). HTN is the most common cardiovascular condition observed in competitive athletes. Athletes are usually considered to be free from cardiovascular disease because of their…
The Athlete’s Heart Definition Intense regular physical exercise can induce physiologic and morphologic cardiac changes known as “athlete’s heart.” These adaptations are a normal response to repetitive exercise and training. Physiologic Changes Increased vagal tone Morphologic changes, including left ventricular…
Introduction Sudden death related to cardiovascular disorders is the most common cause of death among athletes during sports and exercise. Genetic cardiovascular disorders, such as cardiomyopathies and ion channelopathies, are the primary causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes.…
General Principles Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion leading to an absolute insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction (type 1), by defects in insulin action because of…