This chapter presents the principles and basic steps of the senior author’s operative technique for implant augmentation of the facial skeleton. Preparation In anticipation of implant surgery, steps to minimize the likelihood of infection are taken. To facilitate intraoperative hemostasis,…
The craniofacial skeleton can be reconstructed with both autogenous bone and alloplastic implants. Alloplastic implants are used only as onlay grafts to the native skeleton to improve facial contour and to replace missing portions of the non-load-bearing cranial vault and…
Physical examination is the most important element of preoperative assessment and planning for both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Reviewing photographic images with the patient can be helpful when discussing aesthetic concerns and goals. All faces are asymmetric. Asymmetries are usually…
The shape of the human face is composed of a skeletal bony framework that is covered by a soft tissue envelope. Overall, skeletal proportions are probably the most important component of facial attractiveness. Fritz E. Barton Jr., 2009 Since the…
Introduction Gender dysphoria, quite often referred to as gender identity disorder, is defined by an individual’s persistent discomfort with his or her own assigned sex. Individuals with gender identity disorder have a desire to live as members of the opposite…
Introduction Congenital breast asymmetry can be relatively common among young women. , Although tuberous breast deformity, Poland syndrome, and structural chest wall deformities can be considered reconstructive, less extensive congenital breast asymmetry is typically corrected as a cosmetic breast procedure.…
Introduction Gynecomastia is defined as benign glandular enlargement of the male breast, its hallmark location being a concentric mass directly beneath the nipple. , It can consist of various proportions of excess subareolar fibrous breast and adipose tissue peripherally, and…
Introduction Breast reduction and breast lift are widely performed procedures, with over 100,969 surgeries reported by American Society of Plastic Surgeons members in 2016. Patients seek surgery not only for the improvement of symptoms associated with macromastia but also because…
Introduction With the ongoing rise of obesity in the United States a greater emphasis is placed on the importance of weight loss, diet, and exercise. A weight loss of more than 50 lb is classified as massive weight loss, and…
Introduction Breast reduction surgery is not only about improving the quality of life of women with the symptoms of macromastia but also improving the patient’s perception of her own image. Although it is thought by surgeons that the horizontal scar…