Introduction Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is the most recent advancement in the surgical management of breast cancer, allowing for complete preservation of the nipple–areola complex along with the breast skin envelope. Initially, NSM was largely limited to utilization in prophylactic cases.…
Introduction Nipple–areola complex (NAC) reconstruction can be an important part of breast reconstruction and will definitely add an aesthetic component of breast reconstruction. Without NAC reconstruction, it usually gives the impression that the breast reconstruction has not been completed. Therefore,…
Introduction Autologous fat grafting to the breast is a widely used and accepted adjunct in breast reconstruction today. The technique involves harvest of fat from patient-specific donor sites, fat processing, and subsequent transfer in order to improve depressions and step-offs,…
Introduction To reconstruct total mastectomy defects, implants and flaps were traditionally the only available options. Fat grafting, for total breast reconstruction, is now an evolving third alternative. Over the past 15 years we have refined this procedure and we are…
Introduction Achieving optimal symmetry is the primary goal of unilateral and bilateral breast reconstruction. In cases of unilateral breast reconstruction, which is the focus of this chapter, this often requires a secondary procedure on the ipsilateral breast and/or contralateral breast.…
Introduction Partial breast reconstruction using large volume displacement oncoplastic techniques has become an important part of reconstructive practice. As an option for women with breast cancer who undergo breast conservation therapy (BCT), this approach has many proven benefits. In some…
Introduction Breast conservation surgery (BCS) has become an alternative technique to mastectomies as a consequence of its lower morbidity, sensitivity preservation and equivalent overall survival rate. BCS reconstruction consists of a concept that combines BCS with techniques of breast reshaping…
Le Fort I maxillary and sagittal split mandibular osteotomies are performed to correct dental malocclusion and improve facial harmony. Skeletal movements of large magnitude, particularly those for correction of preexisting facial asymmetries, may create new contour irregularities and disharmony. Both…
Indications for and Advantages of Cad/Cam Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) provides added sophistication to facial implant surgery. It provides three-dimensional millimeter accuracy in implant design and manufacturing specific to the facial skeleton being addressed. This precision potentially minimizes or…
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