Historically, infection has been a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Progress in disease prevention in recent decades has reduced the burden of bacterial infection to the third-most common cause of neonatal death world wide and fifth most common…
Ticks are obligate blood-sucking arthropods that transmit a variety of pathogenic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Along with mites, ticks are arachnids of the subclass Acari. They comprise more than 800 species in two major families within the suborder…
Contact with animals can provide significant educational and emotional benefits for children and adults. However, exposure to pets in the home and animals in public settings poses potential risks to children, including allergies, injuries and transmission of pathogenic organisms. Risks…
In the United States, it is estimated that 5 million bites occur every year, 90% of which are dog bites. Dog bites alone result in approximately 335,000 emergency department visits (42% among children <14 years of age), 13,000 hospitalizations, and…
In 2019, unintentional injury was the leading cause of death in children aged 1–18 years of age in the US, accounting for approximately one-third of all deaths. Of these deaths, burns were the seventh leading cause in children <1 year,…
Acknowledgments The author acknowledges substantial use of material from this chapter in the previous edition. Trauma is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, and a significant contributor to this disease burden is secondary infection. The etiologies of trauma-related…
The practitioner frequently has the opportunity to manage the child for whom the chief complaint is a “swollen eye” ( Fig. 84.1 ). Some children have trivial or self-limited disorders, but others can have sight- or life-threatening problems. Noninfectious causes…
The term endophthalmitis is applied to bacterial or fungal infection involving intraocular tissues (retina, uveal tract, or lens) or fluids (vitreous or aqueous). Two broad categories of infectious endophthalmitis are distinguished. Exogenous infection results from introduction of organisms into the…
Uveitis refers to any intraocular inflammation. Anterior uveitis is characterized by inflammation of the iris and ciliary body (iridocyclitis). Intermediate uveitis includes inflammation of the pars plana and vitreous (pars planitis, vitritis). Posterior uveitis features inflammation of the retina and…
Infective keratitis is an uncommon but important infection because it has the potential to cause blindness. It can be caused by a wide variety of microorganisms. Most children with corneal infections come to medical attention because of a painful red…