Microbiology And Epidemiology The recent taxonomic re-classification of the former Enterobacteriaceae family places the genera Enterobacter and Cronobacter as members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, while Pantoea has been reassigned to the Erwinaceae family. The genus Enterobacter has undergone significant taxonomic…
Granuloma inguinale, also known as donovanosis, is a chronic, slowly destructive, ulcerative disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissues caused by Klebsiella (formerly Calymmatobacterium ) granulomatis . , Uncommon in industrialized countries, donovanosis historically has been seen among adolescents and…
Microbiology And Epidemiology The genus Klebsiella , family Enterobacteriaceae, order Enterobacterales, contains at least five Klebsiella species and three Raoultella species: K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. granulomatis, K. variicola, K. singaporensis, R. terrigena, R. ornithinolytica, and R. planticola . These…
Escherichia coli is a genetically diverse species comprising nonpathogenic gut commensals and strains responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans. Commensal E. coli is the predominant facultative anaerobe of the human gut microbiota, and it colonizes the gastrointestinal (GI)…
Since the first report of Nocardia as a pathogen in 1888, multiple species have been recognized as serious human pathogens. Molecular analysis has identified to date 92 species in the Nocardia genus with 54 species shown to be clinically significant…
The growing importance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in the past 2 decades prompted development of sophisticated microbiologic techniques that enable more rapid and accurate identification of older species and those that are emerging as human pathogens. More than 180 species…
The genus Mycobacterium consists of a diverse group of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) with a lipid-rich cell wall. The bacilli are aerobic, non–spore-forming, nonmotile, and slightly curved or straight organisms. Mycobacteria take up stain poorly but retain specific dyes despite treatment…
A number of pleomorphic, non-sporulating, and gram-positive bacilli have been identified in the past as “diphtheroids” or “coryneform” bacteria and dismissed as contaminants. However, many of these organisms can cause endocarditis and other serious infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. For…
Acknowledgment The author acknowledges the substantial contributions to this chapter from previous editions of the textbook and the skillful work that created Fig. 132.2 . The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is a rare but important cause of severe illness in neonates,…
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