Title: Use of Supplementary Oxygen in Patients with Chronic Respiratory or Cardiac Disease During Air Travel Date completed: March 19, 2015 Authors: Steven Lascher, DVM, PhD, MPH and David R. Goldmann, MD Clinical question: What are the benefits and harms…
Title: Automated External Defibrillators for Cardiac Arrest During Air Travel Date completed: March 31, 2015 Authors: Steven Lascher, DVM, PhD, MPH and David R. Goldmann, MD Clinical question: What are the benefits and harms of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) for…
Title: Benefits and Harms of Sunscreens to Decrease Ultraviolet Exposure from Sunlight Date completed: May 28, 2015 Authors: Steven Lascher, DVM, PhD, MPH and David R. Goldmann, MD Clinical question: What are the benefits and harms of sunscreens to decrease…
Elevations of the peripheral blood absolute eosinophil count (>450 eosinophils/mm 3 ) can occur in a wide variety of clinical situations, including parasitic infections, allergic states, collagen vascular diseases, hypereosinophilic syndromes, and other miscellaneous disorders ( Table 49.1 ). The…
The flukes, or trematodes, are long-lived parasites that can cause human disease by mechanical obstruction and by inciting local inflammatory responses in affected organs ( Table 48.1 ). Blood flukes ( Schistosoma spp.), hepatobiliary flukes ( Clonorchis sinensis , Opisthorchis…
Filarial worms are nematodes or roundworms that dwell in the subcutaneous tissues and the lymphatics. Although eight filarial species commonly infect humans, four are responsible for most of the pathology associated with these infections. These are (1) Brugia malayi ,…
Infections by cestodes (tapeworms, or flat, segmented worms) in the United States, Canada, and other affluent countries are rare but do occur in specific at-risk populations related to geographic, behavioral, or migration risk characteristics. Clinical suspicion is needed to detect…
General Considerations Medically important worms belonging to the phylum Nematoda (roundworms) parasitize the gastrointestinal tract of humans. It is estimated that 60% of the world population is infected with at least one intestinal helminth. The worms are commonly acquired through…
A genital ulcer is defined as a discrete mucosal or cutaneous discontinuity involving the genitals, perineum, or surrounding tissues. Genital ulcer disease (GUD) is an important risk factor for sexual acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and serious…
Syphilis results from infection with the spirochete Treponema pallidum . Transmission of syphilis occurs most often through sexual contact. Mother-to-infant transmission also occurs, and infection via blood transfusion is possible. Although T. pallidum induces strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses,…