Brain Metastasis Overview Clinical Presentation Brain metastasis occurs in approximately 25% of all cancer patients. The most common primary cancers include lung and breast cancers ( Table 14.1 ) ( ). Brain metastasis incidence has been rising and this may…
Introduction Chemotherapy has been the mainstay of systemic treatment of malignancy but due to matters largely concerning the blood–brain-barrier and heterogeneity of the tumors it has been largely ineffective in the management of brain metastasis. Instead, surgery and radiation therapy…
Introduction Metastatic melanoma is a chemotherapy refractory disease and historical treatment options have been limited. Dacarbazine was once considered the standard systemic treatment despite a response rate of only 5–15% and having never demonstrated an improvement in survival ( ).…
Introduction Malignant melanoma (MM) causes most deaths among patients with skin cancer. Up to the end of 2010, the incidence of melanoma in Beijing (China) was 0.89/100,000, which was much lower than that in many Western countries (such as the…
Introduction Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the eight most common cancers throughout the world. The incidence of esophageal cancer varies worldwide with the highest rates in Eastern Asian and Southern African countries and the lowest rates in Western Africa,…
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Introduction Melanoma is a disease of melanocytes, the cells of our skin that produce melanin. Because abnormal growth of melanocytes can be readily followed by visual observation of the skin, early stage melanoma tumors can be easily detected and after…
Introduction Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer and accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths, according to the American Cancer Society ( www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2015/ ). The melanoma incidence rate is increasing worldwide, and the disease is among the top 10…
Introduction Metastatic brain tumors (MBT) arise from cancers outside the central nervous system (CNS). They reach the brain either from hematogenous spread or via direct invasion from adjacent tissues. Brain metastases are the most common brain tumors and occur nearly…
Introduction Metastatic melanoma in the brain is a serious event in patients with melanoma because it signifies a poor prognosis and has a potentially severe impact on quality of life. In 20% of cases, symptomatic metastases represent the initial site…