Key Points Incidence and Overall Survival The overall incidence of childhood brain tumors is 5.67 per 100,000 person-years for children. Brain tumors are the second-most common childhood malignancy and the most common primary solid tumor. Pediatric brain tumors are a…
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Definition and Classification of Benign Diseases Many diseases that are pathologically benign (nonmalignant) do not act clinically benign and can cause significant symptoms or dysfunction. A number of these entities can be successfully treated with ionizing radiation. The use of…
Key Points Epidemiology and Pathology Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) account for approximately 1% of adult cancers in the United States. The estimated number of newly diagnosed cases in the year 2019 was projected to be 12,750, with a slightly higher male-to-female…
Key Points Incidence Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with 252,710 new cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed in 2017. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) reported that approximately 7% to 10% of all breast cancers (in situ…
Key Points Patient Selection The majority of individuals with stages I-II invasive breast cancer are candidates for breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Treatment with conservative surgery (CS) and radiotherapy (RT) is absolutely or relatively contraindicated owing to toxicity concerns for only a…
Key Points Epidemiology Noninvasive breast cancers comprise more than 20% of all breast cancers. Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) represents less than 15% of these noninvasive cancers, 0.5% to 5.0% are Paget disease, and 85% are ductal carcinoma in situ…
Key Points Incidence and Mortality Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in both the developed and the developing world, with approximately 1.7 million new cases diagnosed in 2016. It accounts for 25% of all cancers in women…
Key Points Incidence and Etiology Ovarian cancer constitutes 3% of all cancer diagnosed in women and 5% of all cancer-related deaths. In 2018, the estimated incidence of ovarian cancer in the United States was 22,240 cases with an estimated 14,070…
Incidence and Mortality Vulvar carcinoma accounted for an estimated 6190 cancer cases and 1200 deaths in the United States in 2018, comprising 0.70% of all cancers in women, 5.6% of gynecological malignancies, 0.42% of cancer deaths in women, and 3.6%…