Tumors of the duodenum are rare. The benign neoplasms that may be encountered are Brunner gland hyperplasia, polypoid adenomas, lipomas, leiomyomas, neurofibromas, hemangiomas, and aberrant pancreatic tissue. All benign tumors are rare and often only slightly elevated. A polyp may…
Cancer involving the stomach is the second most common cancer in the world. Although it is decreasing in North America, stomach cancer continues to increase throughout the rest of the world. The incidence of adenocarcinoma has increased only in lesions…
Lymphomas of the stomach are of two types, both of B-lymphocyte origin: marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type and diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma ( Fig. 38.1 ). Open full size image Fig. 38.1 Gastric Lymphoma…
Benign tumors of the stomach are relatively rare. Numerous autopsy studies reveal that gastric polyps are present in approximately 0.1% of gastric specimens. However, with the advent of endoscopy, small tumors have been more readily identified ( Fig. 37.1 ).…
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Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding may indicate acute or chronic loss of blood from the GI tract. It may originate in the upper or the lower part of the tract. Acute bleeding may be life threatening; chronic bleeding is slow or even…
Peptic ulcer disease is a term used to refer to ulceration of the gastric or duodenal mucosa aggravated by penetration of the mucosal barrier by acid and pepsin ( Figs. 34.1 and 34.2 ). The natural history of peptic ulcer…
Gastritis Gastritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa, submucosa, or muscularis ( Fig. 33.1 ). A gastritis classification proposed in 1991 by an international convention in Sydney, Australia, has not gained support in the past two decades, reflecting the clinical…
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, spiral, flagellated bacterium that inhabits the mucous layer of the stomach. Warren and Marshall first described H. pylori as a pathogen in humans and clearly documented and correlated the organism's association with gastritis and peptic…
Dyspepsia is pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen. Associated disease may cause the symptom. As a functional disorder, the term dyspepsia is used when the discomfort or pain is chronic, lasts at least 12 weeks during the preceding…