Ascites is one of the most common and serious complications of cirrhosis and has significant prognostic importance as a marker of hepatic decompensation and liver failure. The development of ascites is associated with a decrease in overall and liver-related survival…
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Liver function tests (LFTs), also known as liver enzymes or liver chemistries, generally refer to a panel of serum biochemical studies used to screen for and monitor liver disease. This panel evaluates hepatic components ranging from hepatocellular necrosis and damaged…
Topography of the Liver The liver (Greek hepar ) is located in the upper part of the abdomen, where it occupies the right hypochondrium and the greater part of the epigastric regions ( Fig. 143.1 ). The left lobe of…
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Although highly lethal, gallbladder cancer is extremely rare. The annual incidence in the United States is less than 7000 cases, and it is the fifth most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. When the diagnosis of carcinoma of the…