Abbreviations HAV hepatitis A virus IgG immunoglobulin G IgM immunoglobulin M Introduction The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a nonenveloped, small, single-stranded RNA picornavirus that replicates within hepatocytes, producing symptomatic or asymptomatic infection in humans. Hepatitis A induces an immune…
Abbreviations ALT alanine aminotransferase HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen HBV hepatitis B virus HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HCV hepatitis C virus HDV hepatitis delta virus Introduction Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the sole member of the genus Deltavirus and is estimated…
Abbreviations ALT alanine aminotransferase anti-HBc hepatitis B core antibody anti-HBe hepatitis B e antibody anti-HBs hepatitis B surface antibody Cas9 clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–associated 9 CHB chronic hepatitis B CRISPR clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats HBeAg hepatitis…
Abbreviations AFP α-fetoprotein ALT alanine aminotransferase anti-HBc hepatitis B core antibody anti-HBe hepatitis B e antibody anti-HBs hepatitis B surface antibody APRI AST to platelet ratio index AST aspartate aminotransferase GGT γ-glutamyl transpeptidase GN glomerulonephritis HBcAg hepatitis B core antigen…
Abbreviations ALT alanine aminotransferase cccDNA covalently closed circular DNA HBeAg hepatitis B e antigen HBV hepatitis B virus HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HCV hepatitis C virus IFN interferon LT lymphotoxin NTCP sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide NK natural killer pgRNA pregenomic RNA rcDNA…
Abbreviations AASLD American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases AUC area under the curve CKD chronic kidney disease CYP3A cytochrome P450 3A DAA direct-acting antiviral DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DRESS drug reaction, eosinophilia, systemic symptoms ESRD end-stage renal disease GFR…
Abbreviations ALT alanine aminotransferase CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention EIA enzyme immunoassay GBD global burden of disease HBV hepatitis B virus HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HCV hepatitis C virus HIV human immunodeficiency virus IL28B interleukin-28B (one of the λ…
Abbreviations DAA directly acting antiviral agent HCV hepatitis C virus IFN interferon IL interleukin ISG interferon-stimulated gene NK natural killer RANTES regulated upon activation, normally T cell expressed, and presumably secreted RdRp RNA-dependent RNA polymerase TRAIL tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing…
Abbreviations ALT alanine aminotransferase DM diabetes mellitus IR insulin resistance MS metabolic syndrome NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAS NAFLD activity score NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid UCDA ursodeoxycholic acid Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a…
Abbreviations ALT alanine aminotransferase AST aspartate aminotransferase BMI body mass index CRN Clinical Research Network CT computed tomography ER endoplasmic reticulum GGT γ-glutamyl transferase HCC hepatocellular carcinoma IL-6 interleukin-6 IR insulin resistance KLF6 Krüppel-like factor-6 MRI magnetic resonance imaging NAFL…