Current Patterns in Pediatric Sports Participation The benefits of youth sports participation go beyond increased health and fitness. Sports participation nurtures the development of skills needed for lifelong physical activity, teamwork, leadership, and peer socialization skills, which leads to increased…
Hemophilia Hemophilia, a genetically determined disorder, is characterized by abnormal blood coagulation as a result of a functional deficiency of factor VIII or IX. Since biblical times, the crippling deformities of the musculoskeletal system and death resulting from uncontrolled hemorrhage…
Biology of Healthy Bone Bone is a dynamic living tissue composed of two major constituents, an organic and a mineral component. The organic components consist of (1) cells, including osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteocytes, and (2) proteins, mainly type 1 collagen…
Marfan Syndrome Patients with Marfan syndrome are a clinically diverse group, but they classically exhibit tall stature, long thin limbs, long thin spider-like digits (arachnodactyly), dislocation of the ocular lens, and cardiac anomalies. In 1896, Marfan, a French pediatrician, described…
Overview This chapter describes the major skeletal dysplasias seen in the pediatric population. In each of these conditions a structural abnormality in the bone itself leads to disturbances in growth of the trunk or extremities. More than 200 bone dysplasias…
The author wishes to acknowledge the contribution of Lori A. Karol for her work in the previous edition version of this chapter. Muscular Dystrophies Overview The muscular dystrophies are a group of genetically determined, progressive diseases of skeletal muscle (…
Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSNs) are a group of genetically acquired progressive peripheral neuropathies ( Boxes 34.1 and 34.2 ). The most common of this group is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, described by the team of…
The original language of this chapter by Dr. Tachdjian has been left unaltered as much as possible because we currently have no direct experience with acute poliomyelitis. Poliomyelitis is an acute infectious disease caused by a group of neurotropic viruses…
Myelomeningocele Management of a child with myelomeningocele is one of the most challenging tasks faced by pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. a a References , , , , , , , . Typically, patients with myelomeningocele are referred to as having spina…
Levels of Involvement The neuromuscular system may be affected at various levels, each of which is characterized by changes in motor function peculiar to the site and extent of involvement. The differential features of various levels of motor function are…