Introduction This chapter aims to highlight the unique perioperative challenges faced by anesthesiologists in caring for pediatric neurosurgical patients. While many fundamental truths of neuroanesthesia remain consistent for both pediatric and adult patients, young children often present with pathology rarely…
Introduction Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital defect, affecting approximately 1% of live births ( Video 30.1A – B , Video 30.2 ) ( ; ). The population of children and adults with repaired, palliated, or unrepaired…
Introduction Fetal interventions are procedures that are performed on a fetus either during gestation or immediately prior to delivery. They are intended to correct a pathologic condition that would otherwise be associated with fetal or neonatal demise or significant postnatal…
Introduction The field of pediatric anesthesia has mirrored that of pediatric surgery—developing as a result of the need for specialized treatment of uncommon and complex congenital anomalies and childhood surgical diseases ( ; ). Despite the complexity, general surgery of…
Brief history of modern neonatology With origins in the 1960s to 1970s, neonatology remains a relatively young specialty. Fifty years ago, premature birth earlier than 3 to 4 weeks before term implied high risk for mortality, primarily from pulmonary insufficiency…
Introduction In the last decade, anesthesiologists have assumed the mantle of perioperative physicians, assuming a larger role in the care of patients both before and after surgery. This role is a natural extension of our long history of caring for…
Introduction Recurrent or persistent chronic pain is common among children and adolescents. Chronic pain can be the result of an underlying medical condition such as cancer or cystic fibrosis, or pain can be a primary disorder such as complex regional…
Introduction Proper pain management is an important aspect of perioperative pediatric anesthesia care and is also a significant contributor to patient/parent satisfaction ( ; ; ; ; Walkeret al. 2015). Commonly used regional anesthetic techniques are an essential component in…
“We must all die. But that I can save (a person) from days of torture, that is what I feel as my great and ever new privilege. Pain is a more terrible lord of mankind than even death itself.” Albert…
The year 1492 is often recalled as the year in which “Columbus sailed the ocean blue.” In that same year the first recorded attempt at therapeutic transfusion occurred in Rome. After having an apoplectic stroke, Pope Innocent VIII lapsed into…