Introduction Owing to the unique anatomy and range-of-motion (ROM) demands of the shoulder, coordination of several static and dynamic stabilizers is necessary to maintain shoulder stability. This coordination can be disrupted, most commonly secondary to acute traumatic dislocation or atraumatic…
Introduction Anterior instability represents over 70% of glenohumeral instability with a yearly incidence approaching 3% in high-risk populations. , Males sustain 70%–80% of instability episodes with subluxations being more common than frank dislocations. , About half (47%) of all dislocations…
Introduction Scapulothoracic dissociation is a rare and devastating injury of the shoulder girdle. Originally described by Oreck et al. in 1984, the injury was defined as a complete separation of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint with lateral displacement of the scapula and…
Introduction Segmental injury patterns about the shoulder have earned the name “floating shoulder” and “double disruptions” of the shoulder suspensory complex because they frequently consist of two radiographically distinct skeletal and/or ligamentous injuries about the shoulder girdle. The cumulative instability…
Introduction This chapter builds on a new perspective of operative intervention in cases of marked displacement of scapular fractures, based on surgical indications covered in the last chapter ( Table 16.1 ). These surgical indications should be assessed with measurements…
Introduction Scapula fractures are receiving unprecedented attention in the orthopedic community, as illustrated by a simple PubMed search for “scapula fracture.” Search results provide only 82 publications in the 150 years from 1818 to 1967, followed by the 30-year span…
Indications High-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries (Rockwood types IV, V, and VI) are usually treated operatively due to considerable morbidity associated with a persistently dislocated AC joint and severe soft tissue disruption. , In some type IV–VI injuries, primary conservative…
Indications Combined coraco- and acromioclavicular stabilization using a low-profile single TightRope (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) device and an additional FiberTape (Arthrex) cerclage is indicated in acute high-grade bidirectional acromioclavicular (AC) joint instabilities (Rockwood type IV–VI dislocations), and depending on the…
The clavicle functions as an anterior strut supporting the upper limb. The distal aspect of the clavicle articulates with the acromion, thus forming the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, via a posterolaterally oriented facet. The acromion has a reciprocal facet, which is…
Indications Clavicle fractures account for 2.6%–4% of all adult fractures, with 10%–30% of these occurring in the distal third of the clavicle. The stability and displacement of the fracture determine whether surgery is indicated as the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments (conoid…