Introduction This chapter focuses on high-energy injuries to the chest wall in the setting of major trauma, although fragility rib fractures are gaining increased attention in contemporary medicine. In 2004, there were 102,000 patients admitted to US hospitals and over…
Introduction There has been a contemporary resurgence in the desire to understand scapula fractures in a way that aligns its diagnosis and treatment with other fractures considered by the orthopaedic surgeon. Perhaps this resurgence relates to the recognition that the…
Anatomy Key Points: Anatomy High variability in shape, length, curvature, and internal structure: Passing through the medullary canal applying a nail can be difficult. Anatomic plates do not fit properly. Functional unit of clavicle and scapula: Shoulder suspensory complex needs…
Updated chapter based on the previous edition, written by Andrew Green and Tom R. Norris. Essential Principles for Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures and Glenohumeral Dislocations The shoulder has the widest range of motion (ROM) in the human body, allowing…
Introduction Fractures of the humeral shaft account for approximately 3% of all fractures and represent an incidence of 19 per 100,000 person-years. The occurrence shows a bimodal age distribution with a peak observed in the third decade, mainly in men…
Introduction Fractures of the distal humerus commonly occur in osteoporotic bone, accompanied by comminution in the metaphyseal and/or articular regions. Consequently, the surgical management of these injuries may be technically demanding. This chapter provides a review of these issues and…
Introduction The elbow functions to facilitate positioning of the hand in space; it serves as a mechanical lever through the forearm for lifting and as a means of force transmission. Motion at the joint is a combination of flexion, extension,…
Compared with fractures of the elbow and the wrist, diaphyseal fractures of the forearm are still underestimated. This is because whereas extension and flexion of the elbow and the wrist lead to an apparent movement of the hand, forearm rotation…
Fractures of the distal radius are extremely common, accounting for one-sixth of all fractures seen in emergency departments (EDs). The greatest frequency occurs in two age groups: those 6 to 10 years of age and those between 60 and 69…
Fractures of the Scaphoid Introduction Almost exclusively, scaphoid fractures occur in young, active males. They account for 60% to 80% of all carpal bone fractures and are second only to fractures of the distal radius in the frequency of wrist…