Introduction The majority of pituitary tumors are hormone-secreting. With the exception of prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumors (prolactinomas), surgery has historically been the mainstay of treatment for hormone-secreting as well as nonfunctioning pituitary tumors. In recent years, however, medical therapy has assumed…
Acknowledgements We are indebted to Karam Asmaro, MD, and Nyall London, MD, PhD, for preparing the surgical video presented. Introduction The lateral cavernous sinus is bounded medially by the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA), laterally by the…
Introduction Endoscopic pituitary surgery highlights a confluence of anatomic insight, surgical technique, advancing technologies, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Starting with the ancient Egyptians, who used the nose as a route for embalming, the evolution of endonasal skull base surgery has extensively…
Cerebral metastases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with cancer and are the most frequently encountered tumors in neuro-oncology. Approximately 50% of those affected by brain metastases will succumb to their central nervous system (CNS) disease…
The cerebellum serves as the principal site of disease in 2.6% of all primary central nervous system tumors, with a much higher prevalence in children than in adults. The clinical impact of a mass in the cerebellum belies its relatively…
Management of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in Immunocompetent Patients Presentation Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a category of extranodal lymphoma restricted to the nervous system accounting for approximately 3% of all brain tumors. Histologically, the majority of…
Introduction Low-grade gliomas are a group of intrinsic brain tumors, mainly occurring with seizures in young patients, appearing on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as highly infiltrative nonenhancing masses, well visible in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, involving one to…
Introduction Surgical treatment of high-grade gliomas has been a challenge for neurosurgeons since the early days of our specialty with Harvey Cushing and Walter Dandy. Dandy developed the hemispherectomy to treat patients with invasive high-grade gliomas and observed they still…
Factors Influencing the Delivery of Chemotherapy to the Brain Blood-Brain Barrier Treatment of brain tumors with systemic chemotherapy poses unique challenges. Concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents within the central nervous system (CNS) depend on multiple factors, including ability of the agents…
Introduction The ultimate goal of brain surgery, especially in neuro-oncology, is to maximize the extent of resection (EoR) while preserving or even improving the patient’s quality of life (QoL)—that is, to optimize the oncofunctional balance. , Indeed, maximal safe resection…