Proton Therapy

Principles of proton beam therapy

Introduction The potential of physical characteristics of protons for cancer treatments was first recognized by Wilson in 1946. During the following four decades or so, proton accelerators at various physics laboratories around the world were adapted for clinical purposes. Examples…

Principles of radiobiology

Introduction Radiotherapy is used as one of the major treatment modalities for patients with malignant diseases at different disease stages. Currently, the most common radiation choice for the majority of cancers is photon (x-ray)-based intensity-modulated external beam radiotherapy. Notably, recent…