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Introduction The McKusick catalogue (1990) lists 66 Mendelian disorders that involve cancer or a predisposition for cancer as a component of the phenotype. The genetic loci of 21 of these 66 traits have been mapped by genetic epidemiological investigations. Prostate…
Epidemiology African-Americans (AA) have a 25% greater cancer mortality rate compared to Caucasians, and prostate cancer is a significant contributor to the overall cancer mortality gap in men. There will be an estimated 220,800 new cases of prostate cancer in…
The world population climbed over 7 billion in 2011. Over the next 40 years, the predicted growth in population will almost all come from the less-developed world. This is due to its higher birth rate and younger current population compared…
Introduction Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer diagnosed in the United States. In 2014 it was estimated that 233,000 men will be newly diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prostate cancer represents 14% of all new cancer diagnoses in the…
What is PSA? Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serum protease inhibitor produced only by prostate tissue following androgen stimulation. PSA typically forms a complex with α1-antichymotrypsin and plays a role in semen liquefaction. Serum PSA values usually correlate with prostate…
Introduction Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed male malignancy in the United States with approximately 230,000 patients diagnosed each year. Worldwide, about 900,000 men are diagnosed annually, making prostate cancer a global public health problem. In the era of…
Introduction Prostate cancer affects one in seven men in the United States, and it is estimated that 12% of affected men will die from their disease. Prostate cancer represents a spectrum of disease ranging from indolent with a low risk…
Introduction Since the late 1980s, the diagnosis and follow-up of prostate cancer (PCa) has relied on the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a blood laboratory measurement that was shown to be associated with pathological diagnosis of cancer and had both…
Biopsy prophylaxis The majority of prostate biopsies are performed with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance and tissue sampling, with only a small proportion being done via a transperineal approach. The bacterial colonization of the rectum with gram-negative organisms poses a significant…
Background As the detection and treatment of cancer improve, the prevalence of multiple primary malignancies has increased and will undoubtedly continue to increase. One out of every two men will receive a cancer diagnosis in their lifetime, with prostate cancer…