Infection of the vertebral column represents up to 20% of all osteomyelitis and is the most common infection of the axial skeleton. The presentation is often insidious. It is not uncommon for symptoms to be present for 6 to 8…
Cervical Spine Emergencies Mark Bernstein Alexander B. Baxter F.A. Mann Each year in North America approximately 3 million patients are evaluated for spinal injury. Although the incidence of vertebral fracture and spinal cord injuries is low, the consequences of a missed injury or…
Midfacial Trauma Ken F. Linnau Indications and Rationale for Repair The overt physical manifestation of facial trauma often causes acute psychologic distress and long-term psychologic sequelae in addition to the loss of facial organ function. The use of modern surgical repair…
Intracranial Hemorrhage Arash Meshksar Wayne S. Kubal Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage Initial Diagnosis Although many cases of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), including intra-axial and extra-axial hemorrhage, are due to trauma, this discussion will be limited to atraumatic intracranial hemorrhage. Abrupt onset of neurologic symptoms…
Traumatic Brain Injury Monique Anne Meyer Wayne S. Kubal Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when an external mechanical force results in tissue and cellular damage within the brain that may lead to permanent or temporary impairment of cognitive, physical, or psychosocial functions…
Background Imaging of Patients at Outside Facilities Before Transfer Early and timely transfer of injured patients to a trauma center capable of definitive care has been shown to decrease mortality. Although long-standing national guidelines from the American College of Surgeons…
Acknowledgments All figures and much of the text in this chapter have been reprinted with permission from: Sodickson A. Strategies for reducing radiation exposure in multi-detector row CT. Radiol Clin North Am . 2012;50(1):1-14; and Sodickson A. Strategies for reducing…