Introduction The history of therapeutic hypothermia (HYPO) as a treatment for brain injury is quite a fascinating one. For millennia, cooling has been used to reduce edema and inflammation. Hippocrates recommended using ice packs on wounded soldiers. However, it was…
Introduction Few drugs have been developed to effectively rescue the patients with ischemic stroke in spite of the huge efforts to develop them for longer than 50 years . As alternative approach, cell therapy has recently been expected as one…
Introduction Research in the 1990s provided fundamental discoveries of the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, one type of cell death. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , the genetic control of the programmed cell death during development was elucidated . Cloning of…
Introduction Oxygen-free-radical-induced membrane lipid peroxidation (LP) is a highly validated secondary injury mechanism that occurs in focal and global cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It has been firmly established as a major contributor to multiple aspects of ischemic, postischemic,…
Acknowledgments CP is the recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship granted by the regional council of Nord-Pas-De-Calais, France; and YTW is the holder of the Heart Stroke Foundation of British Columbia and Yukon Chair in Stroke Research. The authors also thank…
Introduction The consequences of stroke can be chronically disabling and overall represents the leading cause of long-term disability . A greater understanding of the mechanisms of stroke recovery will facilitate clinical, pharmacologic, and cell-based approaches to stroke recovery and rehabilitation.…
Introduction Reductions in stroke incidence and mortality are ongoing in the United States; however, the burden of stroke remains high for women. Stroke is the third leading cause of death for women, and roughly 60% of stroke deaths in the…
Introduction Aging is the primary, nonmodifiable risk factor for cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Two of the most detrimental diseases related to aged cerebrovascular dysfunction are stroke and vascular dementia. Aging is associated with changes to the immune system, neural networks, and…
Introduction Diabetes is an endocrine disease with devastating vascular consequences . In the cerebrovasculature, accelerated atherosclerosis of the large vessels is believed to contribute to complications, such as stroke and transient ischemic attacks. There is growing body of evidence that…
Acknowledgments Work summarized in this chapter was supported by research grants from the National Institute of Health (HL-62984, HL-113863, NS-09465), the Department of Veteran’s Affairs (BX001399), the Fondation Leducq (Transatlantic Network of Excellence), and the National Health and Medical Research…