Molecular imaging is defined as the in vivo measurement of biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels . The technique visualizes pathophysiologic processes noninvasively in real time, with the potential for serial monitoring, and provides information regarding specific molecular alterations…
Introduction Neuroimaging methods have become indispensable tools for diagnosis of tissue status and aid in treatment decision making after stroke. Especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which allows noninvasive and longitudinal measurement of multiple (early) biomarkers of brain tissue injury, can…
Introduction Although the brain represents only 2% of the total body mass in humans, it accounts for a fifth of the body’s basal O 2 consumption and a quarter of its glucose use. A continuous supply of blood and nutrients…
Acknowledgment Supported by grants to MT from the Canadian Stroke Networks and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. MT is a Canada Research Chair (Tier 1) in Translational Stroke Research. Introduction The notion that stroke studies in nonhuman primates…
Introduction Convincing evidence supports a link between vascular disease, cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer disease (AD) . A compromised cerebral vasculature with structural alterations, impaired dilatory capacity, and failure to maintain brain perfusion and adjust flow in response to…
Sources of Funding NINDS_NS80015, NINDS_NS44025, NINDS_NS76726, The Leducq Foundation DSRR_P34404. Introduction Development of age-appropriate models of cerebral ischemia and/or hypoxia has allowed knowledge that brain immaturity at the time of injury plays a key role in the pattern of brain…
Introduction Worldwide, stroke is the second leading cause of death, affecting approximately 6 million people in 2012. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 13% of all stroke cases and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. As many as 50% of…
Introduction Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) is a major factor in the high mortality following cardiac arrest, which causes around 300,000 fatalities per year in the United States. Among the survivors, most have lifelong cognitive deficits. To model GCI in animals,…
Ischemic stroke is a highly heterogeneous disease with variation in size, location, and cause of occlusion. In addition, differences in underlying comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, and aging, and sex-specific sensitivity to ischemia make replicating this condition in one animal model…
Introduction Brain cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM) made up of large protein molecules. Interstitial fluid (ISF) moves between the cells and along perivascular spaces, mixing with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to act as the lymph of the brain.…