Practical Radiation Oncology Physics

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24.1 Introduction Special procedures are defined by the following characteristics: ▪ Unique beam configuration, accessories, or radiation delivery device settings compared to other treatments such as 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT) or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) ▪ Relative number…

23.1 Introduction The goal of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is to deliver a single high dose of radiation at the time of surgery to enhance tumor control. IORT is typically useful in cases where a complete surgical resection will be difficult.…

22.1 Introduction Prostate brachytherapy is one of several treatment techniques available for patients with localized disease. Prostate brachytherapy is currently practiced using two different techniques: (1) prostate seed implant (PSI) using low dose rate (LDR) sources and (2) high dose…

21.1 Introduction Interstitial brachytherapy has a long tradition, starting with radium needles being implanted in superficial tumors in the 1930s. The implant systems developed at the time, Manchester and Quimby, still guide the needle placement patterns used in implants today.…

20.1 Introduction Intracavitary brachytherapy can be performed using low dose rate (LDR), pulsed dose rate (PDR), or high dose rate (HDR) sources. LDR implants expose the patient care team to more radiation than HDR and require longer hospitalization of the…

19.1 Introduction One of the primary goals in radiation therapy is to maximize the dose to the target while minimizing the dose to healthy tissue. For targets that exhibit significant motion (>5 to 10 mm) during the respiratory cycle this creates…

18.1 Introduction Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) is well established; however it is important to note that there has never been a prospective randomized trial to examine its value. There are, however, a number of retrospective series examining the impact of IGRT…

17.1 Introduction Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was originally defined as fulfilling all of the following conditions: 1. Single-fraction treatment 2. High dose per fraction (>5 Gy) 3. Target with diameter of <3.5 cm in the brain 4. Delivery accuracy of <1 mm as defined…