CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC) WEBSITES National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) www.cdc.gov/vaccines NCIRD is an interdisciplinary immunization program that brings together vaccine-preventable disease science and research with immunization program activities. Its website provides information about…
INTRODUCTION Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a disease caused by infection with the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic orthopoxvirus (OPXV) in the same genus as Variola virus (which causes smallpox). There are two distinct genetic clades, Clade I (formerly Congo Basin…
The global effort to develop and deliver vaccines against COVID-19 has brought unprecedented attention and scrutiny to all aspects of vaccines and vaccination efforts, including the many ethical issues they raise. During public health emergencies and ongoing disease prevention efforts…
This chapter reviews liability for vaccine injuries historically; the rationale, development, and implementation of the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP); the VICP’s current status; and the CDC COVID-19 Vaccination Program; international vaccine compensation programs; and the power to compel…
While vaccine development, manufacturing, and delivery remain important components of a robust immunization system, vaccines only provide individual and societal benefits if eligible individuals can access and accept them. Therefore, it is important to understand and focus on the behavioral…
During the past 100 years, pharmaceutical companies have made vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), pneumococcus, meningococcus, rotavirus, and human papillomavirus, among others ( Table 83.1 )…
The World Health Organization (WHO) supports member states in strengthening their regulatory systems by setting norms and standards, promoting smart regulation, identifying strengths and gaps, providing specialized technical assistance, and capacity-building opportunities and advising on quality assurance of medicines for…
## Vaccines are complex biological medicinal products developed using increasingly varied and/or novel sophisticated technologies. They can contain live or attenuated infectious agents, recombinant pathogen proteins, and other types of components, such as adjuvants. Because of the major individual and…
## Vaccines are one of the most significant achievements of science and public health. As a result of successful vaccination programs and campaigns, many vaccine-preventable diseases are now uncommon in the United States. Vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases…
At the time of writing this chapter, COVID-19 is the pandemic of the century, globally affecting macro and micro-economies. Recognition of the economic disruption from outbreaks on the regional level (Ebola viral disease) and global level (COVID-19) has led to…