Synopsis ■ Patients are treated from infancy to skeletal maturity and have unique needs which may change over time. ■ Comprehensive examination and appropriate workup and referrals for associated medical conditions is imperative. ■ To provide the best family-centered care,…
Synopsis ■ Poland syndrome includes a wide range of anomalies that are relevant to the plastic surgeon. From a surgical point of view, priority is given here to discussing the management of the absent pectoralis major muscle, as the associated…
Synopsis ■ Consistency of terminology is necessary for optimal communication. ■ Limb outgrowth and patterning are controlled by specific signaling centers within the developing limb bud via the activation and interaction of molecular messengers. ■ Anomalies of limb development result…
Synopsis ■ Neuropathic pain is a common feature following traumatic injury. The pain experienced can have a profound effect on the individual; restricting their ability to carry out everyday activities and to participate in their societal roles. ■ This chapter…
Access video and video lecture content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Hand stiffness may result from either flexion contractures (inability to extend) or extension contractures (inability to flex) of the small joints of the hand. These limitations…
Synopsis ■ Spasticity is a condition characterized by muscle hypertonia, caused by a hyperactive stretch reflex mechanism, usually linked to a central neurological insult. It is responsible for various limb deformities, causing variable functional impairments. ■ Its primary treatment is…
Synopsis ■ Upper extremity ischemia is caused by many etiologies and may be classified into acute and chronic cases. ■ A precise understanding of arterial anatomy is pertinent to preoperative diagnosis, patient selection, and operative procedure. ■ A history of…
Synopsis ■ Free-functioning muscle transfer involves the transfer of a muscle from a distant location to replace a major functional deficit. ■ It is a complex procedure that requires high patient motivation and compliance. ■ The technique involves microvascular anastomoses…
Synopsis ■ Nerve injuries are often devastating, with associated pain and impaired function. ■ Motor nerve injuries must be managed expeditiously, because regenerating axons must reach target muscle prior to degeneration and fibrosis – “time is muscle”. ■ Nerve transfers…
Synopsis ■ A tendon transfer is a reconstructive technique in which the tendon of a functioning muscle is detached, mobilized, and then reattached to another tendon or tendons of a non-functioning muscle, or into bone, to substitute for the action…