Synopsis ■ While normal appearance of the lip is ideal, the primary objective of lip reconstruction is the restoration of a functional oral sphincter with adequate aperture for proper feeding and speech. ■ Etiology, size, and missing components of the…
Synopsis ■ The differences in skin texture and laxity with age must be considered when choosing a local flap for facial coverage. ■ The plastic surgeon’s goal is not to cover a facial wound, but instead to reconstruct the characteristics…
Synopsis ■ The maxilla may be thought of as a six-walled geometric box. ■ Most extensive midface defects require free flaps for reconstruction. ■ Complex structures such as nose, eyelids, and lips should be reconstructed separately, usually with local flaps.…
Synopsis ■ While cutaneous malignancies are the most common cancer of the head and neck region, the most common cancer arising from the mucosa is squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). ■ 5-year survival outcomes for head and neck cancer patients have…
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Synopsis ■ This chapter will help illustrate the ease with which virtual surgery and computer-aided design and manufacturing can be used to create accurate postoperative results and provide confidence with complex three-dimensional bony injuries and reconstructions. ■ With advancements in…
Advances in three-dimensional (3D) imaging and modeling have significantly changed the practice of treatment planning in patients with congenital or developmental facial skeletal differences. With improvements in imaging technology, such as computed tomography (CT), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), 3D…
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Access video content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Acquired cranio-orbital deformities comprise a vast array of etiological entities which result in defects, disproportions, or asymmetries in the upper face and skull, and they are commonly associated with…
Access video and video lecture content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Auricular defects can cause psychosocial morbidity to the affected patient that may be improved with surgical correction. Congenital abnormalities of the external ear are common and…