Synopsis We have been performing “refreshing” techniques for the past 35 years, offering an alternative to the classical facelift for facial rejuvenation. We can start treating some of our patients at an earlier age, and, as well, improve the aspect…
Access video lecture content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ The process of facial aging can be broken down into three major categories: (1) structural or gravitational changes; (2) correction of deflation or loss of volume; and (3) treatment…
Synopsis ■ Non-surgical facial rejuvenation relies on matching the presenting skin pathology to an appropriate intervention. ■ Laser-based interventions rely on the creation of precise skin injuries, through selective photothermolysis. ■ Facial rejuvenation procedures that work at the skin surface…
Access video and video lecture content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Botulinum toxin types Botulinum toxin is produced by Clostridium botulinum , an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod. The bacterium produces eight distinguishable neurotoxins. Although both types A and…
Synopsis ■ Soft-tissue fillers provide versatile tools in the correction of facial wrinkles and facial contouring, as well as in the restoration of the volumetric loss associated with aging. ■ Reversibility is an advantageous property of fillers, allowing adjustments that…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Access video lecture content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Skin care involves several basic hygiene activities that include cleansing and moisturizing. With advancements in the understanding of skin physiology, more effective moisturizers have been developed that contain…
Introduction The first local anesthetic agent was cocaine, discovered and utilized in the nineteenth century. In 1885 Halsted at Johns Hopkins University first introduced cocaine for nerve blocks. He later became addicted to cocaine through self-experimentation. Either by blocking conduction…
Access video lecture content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Surgeons who understand the anatomy of nerve blockade will be able to effectively anesthetize large areas of the face safely in a comfortable, reproducible, and expeditious manner. These…
Introduction Postoperative pain management in plastic surgery remains a topic of increasing interest amidst heightened awareness of the opioid epidemic. Pain is defined as the sensory and emotional reaction to actual or perceived tissue injury. Nociceptive pain is due to…