Electrolyte absorption and secretion mediated by ion channels of the epithelial cells play an important role in determining basal and active fluid movement (i.e., absorption or secretion) in the GI tract. Ion channels that are involved in regulating fluid movement…
Acknowledgments Studies in the author’s laboratories were supported by NIDDK grants RO1 DK54016 (PKD), RO1 DK81858 (PKD), RO1 DK92441 (PKD), RO1 DK71596 (WAA), RO1 DK109709 (WAA) and Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Awards BX002011 (PKD), BX000152 (WAA), BX002687-01 (SS) and…
Acknowledgment NIH grant R01DK041274 is acknowledged for financial support. The first physiological observations suggesting the existence of a Na + /H + exchange mechanism in mammalian membranes were made by Mitchell and Moyle and by Brierley et al. in rat…
55.1 Introduction Large quantities of fluid are transported across epithelial barriers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for secretion of saliva, gastric juice, bile and pancreatic fluid, and for fluid absorption in the intestine. The quantity of fluid transported in the…
Abbreviations AMV apical membrane vesicles AA ascorbic acid BLM basolateral membrane BLMV basolateral membrane vesicles BBM brush-border membrane BBMV brush-border membrane vesicles CaM Ca/calmodulin ChIP chromatin immunoprecipitation Cbl cobalamin cKO conditional Knockout DHAA dehydro- l -ascorbic acid DIDS 4,4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′-disulfonic acid…
Abbreviations CD36 cluster determinant 36 GGCX γ-carboxyglutamyl carboxylase MK Vitamin K 2 [represented by members of the menaquinones (MK) family] NPC1L1 Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 Phylloquinone Vitamin K 1 SR-BI scavenger receptor class B-type I UBIAD1 UbiA prenyltransferase-containing domain 1 Acknowledgment…
Abbreviations ABCA1 ATP binding cassette A1; ABCG1 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 ASBT apical sodium-bile acid transporter CD36 CD36 molecule NPC1L1 NPC1 like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 SR-B1 scavenger receptor class B-type I SREBP2 sterol regulatory element binding…
51.1 Introduction Studies of Mellanby, McCollum, Steenbock, Windaus, and others earlier in the 20th century resulted in the discovery and characterization of an important new bioactive substance termed vitamin D. Although this vitamin was found to be produced in the…
Abbreviations ARAT acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase BCO1 β-carotene 15,15′-oxygenase BCO2 β-carotene 9′10′-oxygenase 2 CEL KO CEL knockout CEL carboxyl ester lipase CM chylomicrons CRBP cellular retinol-binding protein DGAT diacylglycerol acyltransferase KO knock out LRAT lecithin:retinol acyltransferase LUT lutein LYC lycopene OA oleic…
49.1 Major Pathways and Genes Involved in Intestinal Lipid Droplet Formation and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Assembly In summary overview, long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), whether monomeric or in the form of monoglycerides, represent the major substrate for the generation of triglyceride- rich…