Introduction Auricular deformities are quite common in the general population. Children with auricular deformities, particularly prominent ears, may be the subject of teasing by peers, which can affect psychosocial development, self-esteem, and school performance. In part, this may be due…
Introduction In the management of congenital aural atresia (CAA) and congenital external auditory canal stenosis (CEACS), the surgical challenge arises from anatomic variation and absence of standard landmarks. The incidence of microtia/CAA is approximately 1 in 10,000. In a large…
Introduction The prevalence rates of microtia and aural atresia vary widely in different regions of the world, from 0.83 to 17.4 per 10,000 live births. The vast majority of these anomalies are sporadic, but also they may be found in…
Introduction Comprehensive care of cleft palate deformities and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) requires a thorough understanding of the full spectrum of palatal abnormalities and their effect on feeding, airway, and speech, from infancy through adolescence. Palatal clefts may range in their…
Introduction The cochlear implant (CI) is unique among medical devices in that it serves as a neurosensory prosthesis capable of restoring or providing de novo the sense of hearing to its users. As technology advances with hardware, sound processing algorithms,…
Acknowledgments Drs. Donald B. Kamerer, Arpita I. Mehta, and Yael Raz are acknowledged for their contributions to the previous editions. In addition, Dr. Barton Branstetter is recognized for generously sharing radiographic images of middle ear malformations. Introduction Congenital anomalies of…
Introduction Myringotomy is the creation of an opening in the tympanic membrane (TM) with the use of a knife. Tympanocentesis is defined as the performance of this operation with a needle. Myringotomy or tympanocentesis may be indicated when there is…
Introduction The classic Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) refers to a constellation of physical findings characterized by microretrognathia and glossoptosis; cleft palate is an associated feature but is not required for the diagnosis of PRS. The posterior displacement of the base…
Introduction Anomalies of branchial derivation should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mass in the neck, particularly in children but also in adults. Such anomalies are second only to thyroglossal duct cysts as the most common masses…
Introduction Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are the most common congenital midline cervical anomalies in children and account for approximately 70% of all congenital neck lesions. The differential diagnosis of a midline mass in the neck mass in a child includes…