Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcome Instruments Critical Points Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcome Instruments Lack of consensus exists regarding which instrument or rating system should be selected, due in part to the moderate to poor quality of investigations that determined their psychometric…
Introduction Many grading systems have been proposed to classify lesions of the articular cartilage in the knee joint at arthroscopy; however, only a few are commonly used in modern orthopedic literature ( Table 44-1 ). The systems published in the…
Introduction This chapter reviews commonly used scales and outcome instruments that rate athletic and daily functional activities for a variety of knee injuries and disorders in younger active patients. The instruments are analyzed according to their strengths and potential biases…
Introduction To provide a comprehensive analysis of the knee condition and the effect of a treatment protocol on a knee injury or disorder, authors have suggested that rating systems measure a variety of symptoms, sports and daily activity functions, and…
Introduction Critical Points Introduction Many knee-specific scales and rating systems have been published in the last decade with acceptable psychometric properties for a variety of diagnoses. Scales rate specific activities, such as sports or daily functions. Rating systems provide a…
Introduction Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is the term that refers to a painful and disabling disorder that was first described during the United States Civil War. Nomenclature relating to CRPS has varied over the years and has included Sudeck's…
Introduction Critical Points Introduction Nerves are at risk of injury from: Blunt force directed at the knee Stretch/traction injury of the knee joint Inversion sprain to the ankle Open or arthroscopic knee surgery Approach: knee pain that exists after musculoskeletal…
Introduction Critical Points Introduction Arthrofibrosis implies a loss of knee flexion, extension, or both compared with the contralateral normal knee. Primary arthrofibrosis is caused by an exaggerated inflammatory response to an injury or surgical procedure followed by the production of…
Indications Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is a viable option for symptomatic patients in whom severe joint damage and loss of joint space are present in the patellofemoral (PF) compartment but not the tibiofemoral compartments. Although early reports of this procedure were…
Introduction What is Rotational Malalignment? The geometry of bones is normally viewed in the three cardinal planes: frontal (coronal), sagittal, and transverse (horizontal, Fig. 36-1 ). The mechanical axis of the lower extremity from the femoral head center to the…