Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by an award from Soy Health Research Program (SHRP, United Soybean Board, Chesterfield, MO, USA), University of South Carolina School of Medicine Research Development Fund (USC SOM RDF, Columbia, SC, USA), South Carolina…
Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by an award from Soy Health Research Program (SHRP, United Soybean Board, Chesterfield, MO, USA), University of South Carolina School of Medicine Research Development Fund (USC SOM RDF, Columbia, SC, USA), South Carolina…
Introduction Despite recent advances in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL), such as the addition of immunotherapy to upfront intensive multimodal therapy , and consequent incremental improvements in outcome, only approximately half of patients will achieve a long-term cure (…
Introduction Neuroblastoma, a tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. There is broad heterogeneity in the disease course, which can be predicted by clinical staging, tumor histology, and underlying genomic changes. Treatment…
Introduction The first cases of neuroblastoma (NB) date back to 1864, as described by Rudolf Virchow, where NB and other pediatric abdominal tumors were initially classified as gliomas . Furthermore, between 1925 and 1962, neuroblastoma incidences reached approximately 10% in…
Introduction The specifics of treatment of neuroblastoma depend critically on the stage and prognostic features of the tumor, the age of the patient , and, increasingly, the transcriptome of the tumor cells . Children whose neuroblastomas are single, primary tumors…
Cancer Stem Cells The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm is the idea that subpopulations of cancer cells exist within a tumor that has capabilities similar to a normal stem cell: self-renewal, multipotency, proliferation, and tumor maintenance . This concept that…
Introduction The initial diagnosis of neuroblastoma requires close collaboration among the surgical oncologist, pediatric oncologist, and pathologist, especially in the assessment of MYCN amplification, histopathology, and DNA index (ploidy) . The surgeon has a vital role in neuroblastoma management. Specifically,…
Acknowledgments We thank Joe Olechnowicz for editorial assistance. Introduction Standard care for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) currently consists of aggressive multimodal therapy including high-dose chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy . Immunotherapy utilizes mechanisms of action that are not cross-reactive with…
Disclosure No funding received from any organization for this study. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Neuroblastoma tumors are usually detected in a symptomatic child. Sometimes, it may be noticed incidentally. If child is symptomatic and…