Rumination Disorder Chase B. Samsel Heather J. Walter David R. DeMaso Rumination disorder is the repeated regurgitation of food, where the regurgitated food may be rechewed, reswallowed, or spit out, for a period of at least 1 mo following a period of normal functioning.…
Pediatric psychosomatic medicine deals with the relation between physical and psychological factors in the causation or maintenance of disease states. The process whereby distress is experienced and expressed in physical symptoms is referred to as somatization or psychosomatic illness .…
Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for most child and adolescent psychiatric disorders, because this type of treatment generally produces outcomes similar to pharmacotherapy, with less risk of harm. Even with disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder…
Psychopharmacology is the first-line treatment for several child and adolescent psychiatric disorders (e.g., ADHD, schizophrenia, bipolar) and is used adjunctively with psychosocial treatments for other disorders (or coexisting conditions), including anxiety, depression, autism spectrum, tic, trauma-related, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Although…
It is estimated that 20% of children living in the United States experience a mental illness in a given year, at a cost of almost $14 billion. In children, mental illness is more prevalent than leukemia, diabetes, and AIDS combined;…
Basics of Sleep and Chronobiology Sleep, with its counterpart of wakefulness, is a highly complex and intricately regulated neurobiologic system that both influences and is influenced by all physiologic systems in the body, as well as by the environment and…
All children will experience involuntary separations, whether from illness, death, or other causes, from loved ones at some time in their lives. Relatively brief separations of children from their parents, usually produce minor transient effects, but more enduring and frequent…
In the United States, approximately half of all children under the age of 3 yr and 60–75% of children age 3-5 yr had at least 1 regular nonparental childcare arrangement in 2012. Young children of employed mothers spend on average 36 hr per…
In healthy development, a child will acquire new skills beginning prenatally and extending into at least young adulthood. The roots of this acquisition of skills lie in the development of the nervous system, with additional influences from the health status…
Growth can be considered a vital sign in children, and aberrant growth may be the first sign of an underlying pathologic condition. The most powerful tool in growth assessment is the growth chart ( Fig. 23.1, Fig. 23.2, Fig. 25.1…