Pulmonary Embolus and Infarction Mary A. Nevin Keywords pulmonary hemorrhage pulmonary embolism deep venous thrombosis air embolism thrombophilia partial thromboplastin time hemosiderin bronchoalveolar lavage acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage of infancy (AIPHI) Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) has become an increasingly recognized critical…
Pulmonary hemorrhage may be characterized as focal or diffuse based on the location(s) of bleeding. A detailed review of pulmonary hemorrhage is in Chapter 436.2 . The diagnosis of pulmonary hemosiderosis refers to the subset of patients with diffuse alveolar…
See also Chapter 427 . Inherited Disorders of Surfactant Metabolism Jennifer A. Wambach Lawrence M. Nogee F. Sessions Cole Aaron Hamvas Pulmonary surfactant is a mixture of phospholipids and proteins synthesized, packaged, and secreted by alveolar type II pneumocytes (AEC2s) that line the distal…
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited disorder characterized by impaired ciliary function leading to diverse clinical manifestations, including chronic sinopulmonary disease, persistent middle ear effusions, laterality defects, and infertility. The estimated frequency of PCD is 1 in 12,000 to…
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited multisystem disorder of children and adults; it is the most common life-limiting recessive genetic trait among whites. Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, the primary defect, leads to a wide…
Lung infection that destroys the lung parenchyma, resulting in cavitations and central necrosis, can result in localized areas composed of thick-walled purulent material, called lung abscesses. Primary lung abscesses occur in previously healthy patients with no underlying medical disorders and…
Bronchiectasis is characterized by irreversible abnormal dilation and anatomic distortion of the bronchial tree and represents the common end stage of many nonspecific and unrelated antecedent events. Its incidence has been decreasing overall in industrialized countries, but it persists as…
Pleurisy is the inflammation of the pleura; it may be accompanied by an effusion. The most common cause of pleural effusion in children is bacterial pneumonia (see Chapter 428 ); heart failure (see Chapter 469 ), rheumatologic causes, and metastatic…
Epidemiology Pneumonia, defined as inflammation of the lung parenchyma, is the leading infectious cause of death globally among children younger than 5 yr, accounting for an estimated 920,000 deaths each year ( Fig. 428.1 ). Pneumonia mortality is closely linked to…
Hypersensitivity Pneumonia Kevin J. Kelly Michelle L. Hernandez Keywords hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP) extrinsic allergic alveolitis acute HP recurrent subacute HP chronic progressive HP pet birds thermophilic organisms Hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP), aptly called extrinsic allergic alveolitis because the inciting agent is almost uniformly…