See also Prebiotics General information Probiotics are organisms or mixtures of organisms that are used to colonize the gut, preventing colonization by pathogenic organisms. They include bifidobacteria, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, and lactobacilli. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Escherichia coli Nissle…
General information Probenecid is a uricosuric agent. Soreness of the gums, gastrointestinal irritation, rashes, pyrexia, and the nephrotic syndrome have been reported [ ]. Probenecid can cause drug–drug interactions, because it is an inhibitor of the renal tubular secretion of…
See also Streptogramins General information Pristinamycin is a combination of streptogramin A (pristinamycin IIA) and streptogramin B (pristinamycin IB), derived from Streptomyces pristinaespiralis [ ]. The former is a polyunsaturated macrolactone and the latter is a peptidic macrolactone or depsipeptide.…
See also Antiepileptic drugs ; Phenobarbital General information Primidone, a deoxybarbiturate, is partly metabolized to phenobarbital, which is responsible for some of its pharmacological effects in epilepsy [ ]. It has also been used to treat essential tremor [ ].…
General information The 8-aminoquinolines were the first synthetic antimalarial drugs to be introduced into medicine. Pamaquine (Plasmochin) was the first to be marketed in 1926, but primaquine proved to have the highest chemotherapeutic index of the many compounds tested. Primaquine…
General information Prilocaine is an aminoamide local anesthetic. It can be used on its own, but it is also included in the formulation known as Emla, a eutectic combination of prilocaine with lidocaine (25 mg/ml each), which is used as…
General information Preservatives that are often found in cosmetics include formaldehyde, quaternium-15, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, parabens mix, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one + 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI/MI, Kathon CG), and methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN, Euxyl K400). Polyhexamethylenebiguanide, a biocide structurally related to hexamidine, is added to cosmetics…
See also Calcium channel blockers General information Prenylamine is a coronary vasodilator that depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium-channel blocking activity. It has been used in the treatment of angina pectoris, but it often causes ventricular dysrhythmias and…
General information Prenalterol has dobutamine-like positive inotropic effects and has been used in severe heart failure [ ] and to treat overdosage with beta-blockers [ ] and amitriptyline [ , ]. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership…
See also Antiepileptic drugs General information Like gabapentin, pregabalin (3-isobutyl GABA) binds to the alpha-2 delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels. It has been evaluated in patients with epilepsy, neuropathic pain of various sorts, including painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, generalized…