General information Potassium and sodium salts are given intravenously in solutions to replace body fluids and electrolytes. Adverse reactions are rare and usually limited to the effects of overtransfusion. Microwave heating of crystalloid fluids has been recommended as a method…
General information Prethcamide is a mixture in equal parts by weight of cropropamide and crotethamide. It has similar actions to doxapram hydrochloride and has been used as a respiratory stimulant in humans as well as illicitly in racehorses [ ].…
General information Cromoglicate disodium salt (cromoglicate sodium) is available as a powder for inhalation. Each capsule contains 20 mg. The usual dose is 1 capsule inhaled four times daily. It is also dispensed in a multidose-pressurized aerosol delivering 1 or…
See also Butylated hydroxytoluene General information Cresols are methylphenols in which the methyl group can be in the meta-, ortho-, or para- position. Orthocresol is 2-methylphenol, metacresol is 3-methylphenol, and paracresol is 4-methylphenol. Tricresol is 2,3,4-methylphenol. Several cresols are used…
General information Cremophor is a non-ionic solubilizer and emulsifier that is made by reacting ethylene oxide with castor oil [ ]. It is a pale yellow oily liquid consisting of a mixture of components, primarily polyethylene glycol conjugates. Fatty acid…
General information The cyclo-oxygenase (COX) that is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis exists in two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which differ in their structure, regulation, expression, and function. COX-1 is expressed normally in a constant amount in almost all body tissues…
General information The coumarins were first discovered in Wisconsin, when bleeding in cattle was found to be due to the consumption of bruised sweet clover in the 1920s [ ]. The causative agent, dicoumarol, was isolated in 1940, and a…
General information The plant lactone coumarin (not to be confused with coumarin anticoagulants) is a constituent of some plants [ ], including: Alyxia lucida ; Anthoxanthum odoratum (vanilla grass); Dalea tuberculata (silver prairie clover); Dipteryx odorata (tonka bean); Gallium odoratum…
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General information The adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH (corticotropin) stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete the glucocorticoids hydrocortisone (cortisol) and corticosterone, the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, and a number of weakly androgenic substances, as well as a small amount of testosterone. Aldosterone synthesis is…