See also Cytotoxic and immunosuppressant drugs General information Gemcitabine is an S-phase-specific pyrimidine nucleoside analogue of deoxycytidine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) that is structurally similar to cytosine arabinoside. It has been used to treat metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, pancreatic cancer, and…
General information Gefitinib is an anilinoquinazoline derivative, the first agent to have been introduced as a potent inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer refractory or resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Case series have shown…
See also Fluoroquinolones General information Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against Gram-positive, atypical agents, and some anerobes, and broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative bacteria [ ]. It is bactericidal and produces a post-antibiotic effect in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.…
See also Fluoroquinolones General information Garenoxacin (T-3811ME, BMS-284756) is a des-F(6) quinolone that is effective in vitro against a wide range of clinically important pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes [ ]. Drug studies You’re Reading a Preview…
General information Ganciclovir (dihydroxypropoxymethylguanine) is a nucleoside analogue with antiviral activity in vitro against herpesviruses. Intracellular phosphorylation of ganciclovir to its triphosphate derivative, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of deoxyguanosine triphosphate, leads to the inhibition of viral DNA synthesis.…
General information Sodium gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB or sodium oxybate) is an endogenous compound, a precursor of GABA, which increases the release of dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain. It was first synthesized in 1960 as a potential anesthetic, and was popular…
General information Gallium is a metallic element (symbol Ga; atomic no. 31) that has been used in the form of a radiopharmaceutical ( 67 Ga as the citrate) in diagnostic imaging of cancers, inflammation, and infection [ ]. The mechanisms…
General information Gallamine is a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant. For intubation, a dose of about 2 mg/kg (some authors say 3–4 mg/kg) is necessary, and the duration of effect is then similar to the usual intubating doses of d -tubocurarine or…
General information Gadolinium chelates for MRI are inert, non-metabolized, small molecules, with essentially the same pharmacokinetic properties as the iodinated contrast agents [ ]. They are rapidly distributed in the extracellular fluid spaces, both intravascular and extravascular, although they do…
See also Antiepileptic drugs General information Gabapentin is used as adjunctive treatment for partial seizures and may be useful in some non-epileptic disorders, such as neuropathic pain. It has a favorable tolerability profile and is devoid of significant interactions with…