See also : Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) General information Lamivudine (3TC) is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has been widely used against HIV infection which also has antiviral effects against hepatitis B [ , ]. In…
General information The genera in the family of Lamiaceae ( Table 1 ) include basil, catnip, germander, lavender, mints, origanum, rosemary, sage, skullcap, and thyme. Table 1 Genera of Lamiaceae Acanthomintha (thorn mint) Acinos (acinos) Agastach (giant hyssop) Ajuga (bugle)…
General information Lactose is a disaccharide, galactopyranosyl-glucose, which is found in mammalian milk and, because it is readily compressible, is used as an excipient in many oral drug formulations and dry powder inhalers. It is also added to infant formula…
See also Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists General information Labetalol is a non-selective alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonist; these actions reside in four different enantiomers. Labetalol is less likely to increase airways resistance in patients with bronchial asthma or to reduce peripheral blood flow.…
General information The family of Krameriaceae contains the single genus Krameria (ratany), species of which have anti-inflammatory [ ], antioxidant [ ], antibacterial [ ], and molluscicidal [ ] actions. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for…
See also Antihistamines General information Ketotifen was originally developed as a drug that would inhibit the release of vasoactive substances from mast cells, as an oral alternative to cromoglicate, but its actions in asthma are probably attributable to its antihistaminic…
See also Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) General information Ketorolac is a pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative, structurally and pharmacologically related to tolmetin, zomepirac, and indometacin. The trometamol salt of ketorolac enhances its solubility and allows parenteral administration. Opinions on the safety…
General information The spectrum of adverse effects of ketoprofen is similar to that of ibuprofen. Ketoprofen was originally approved for over-the-counter sales in the USA by the FDA, but in the same year, in Italy, the Ministry of Health transferred…
General information The ketolides cethromycin (ABT-773) and telithromycin are semisynthetic derivatives of 14-membered-ring macrolide antibiotics, members of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-B, MLS(B), class of antimicrobials, but they differ from macrolides by having a 3-keto group instead of an l -cladinose group on…
See also Antifungal azoles [for systemic use] General information Ketoconazole was the first azole available for oral administration, apart from metronidazole. However, it has been supplanted by newer azoles with fewer adverse effects and more reliable absorption from the gastrointestinal…