General information Lead is a heavy soft bluish-gray metal (symbol Pb; atomic no. 82) that is widespread as different salts in minerals such as chromite (oxide), crocoisite (chromate), Jamesonite and zinkenite (sulfides), mimetite (arsenate and chloride), pyromorphite (phosphate and chloride),…
General information Laxatives can be classified according to their several mechanisms of action: bulk-forming laxatives, such as bran, methylcellulose, Plantago extracts (ispaghula and psyllium), and sterculia; stimulant laxatives, such as the anthraquinones (senna and dantron), bisacodyl, docusate sodium (also a…
General information Lauromacrogols are mixtures of monolauryl esters of macrogols. They have the following general formula: C 12 H 25 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OH. Each is named after the number n in its formula. For example, in…
General information The genera in the family of Lauraceae ( Table 1 ) include bay, cinnamon, laurel, and sassafras. Table 1 Genera of Lauraceae Aniba (aniba) Beilschmiedia (beilschmiedia) Cassytha (cassytha) Cinnamonum (cinnamon) Cryptocarya (cryptocarya) Endiandra (walnut) Eusideroxylon (ironwood) Laurus (laurel)…
See also Etherified starches . General information Latex is present in many medical devices, including surgical and examination gloves, catheters, intubation tubes, anesthesia masks, and dental fillers. Reported allergic reactions range from contact urticaria to anaphylaxis [ ]. There has…
See also Prostaglandins . General information Latanoprost is an analogue of prostaglandin F 2α , used to treat glaucoma. The use of latanoprost and unoprostone in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension has been reviewed [ ]. More…
General information Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective in the targeted treatment of various malignancies. Imatinib was the first to be introduced into clinical oncology, and it was followed by drugs such as gefitinib, erlotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and dasatinib. Although they…
General information The lanthanoids form a group of elements with atomic numbers from 57 to 71, from lanthanum to lutetium. Lanthanum, cerium, and gadolinium have gained attention in the use and design of pharmaceutical drugs [ ]; lanthanum has been…
See also Proton pump inhibitors General information Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor. Its adverse reactions profile has been reviewed based on premarketing clinical studies, and has to be regarded with the reservations appropriate to this type of material. In…
See also Antiepileptic drugs General information Lamotrigine is widely used in the management of partial and generalized seizures. It has a favorable tolerability profile, even though neurological adverse reactions and hypersensitivity reactions are sometimes troublesome. Its pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, adverse…