General information Since the 1980s limonene has been used as an alternative to traditional solvents and degreasing agents. It is a monoterpene found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, herbs, trees, and bushes. Limonene constitutes the main volatile component of…
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See also Calcium channel blockers General information Lidoflazine is a calcium channel blocker that has been used to treat angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome [ , ] and in atrial fibrillation [ ]. You’re Reading a Preview Become a…
See also Anesthetics, local ; Antidysrhythmic drugs General information Lidocaine is the most widely used aminoamide local anesthetic agent, with a low toxic potential; its effects are mostly typical for this class of drug. It can be given by injection…
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See also Fluoroquinolones General information Levofloxacin, the levorotatory S-enantiomer of the racemate ofloxacin, is an oral and parenteral fluoroquinolone that has bactericidal activity against a wide spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacilli (including Streptococcus pneumoniae ), as well as atypical…
General information Nigrostriatal dopamine is depleted in patients with Parkinson’s disease, but it cannot be used to treat the disease since it is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is metabolized extensively in the periphery, hardly penetrating the central…
See also Antihistamines General information Levocetirizine is the R-enantiomer of cetirizine dihydrochloride and, like cetirizine, undergoes minimal hepatic metabolism [ ]. Levocetirizine has twice the affinity for H 1 receptors as cetirizine [ ]. It is efficacious and well tolerated…
See also Antihistamines General information Levocabastine is a second-generation antihistamine [ ]. Since levocabastine is applied locally in the eye or nose, local reactions are most often seen. Most frequent is ocular irritation followed by nasal irritation. Sedation does not…
General information Levobupivacaine is the levorotatory isomer, S(−)-bupivacaine, of bupivacaine, an amide local anesthetic. In a comparison of the clinical efficacy of epidural S(−)-bupivacaine with standard racemic RS-bupivacaine in 88 patients S(−)-bupivacaine was clinically indistinguishable from RS-bupivacaine in the three…