General information The duration and extent of hyperoxygenation during anesthesia are generally limited. However, in intensive care, a patient’s exposure to oxygen can become prolonged and dangerous. Oxygen toxicity can cause adverse effects in numerous tissues, including the lungs, nervous…
General information Oxyfedrine is a vasodilator that has been used in angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log…
General information Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic that is 1.5 times as potent as morphine and has a longer duration of action. Drug studies Studies of modified-release oxycodone are detailed below under Drug formulations. Comparative studies The postoperative analgesic effects…
See also Anticholinergic drugs General information Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic drug that is used to treat bladder detrusor instability. It can cause all the adverse reactions that would be expected from its anticholinergic action [ ]. Drug studies Placebo-controlled studies…
See also Anesthetics, local General information Oxybuprocaine is an ester of para-aminobenzoic acid. It is a local anesthetic used in ophthalmology. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If…
General information Oxolamine citrate is a synthetic derivative of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxodiazole. It has been used to treat cough in some European countries, initially in Italy [ , ] and later in France [ , ] and elsewhere [ ]. You’re…
See also Anticholinergic drugs and Ipratropium bromide General information Oxitropium is an anticholinergic drug used in the treatment of asthma [ ]. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership…
See also Antiepileptic drugs and Carbamazepine General information Oxcarbazepine is the 10-keto analogue of carbamazepine and a prodrug for monohydroxycarbazepine, to which it is rapidly reduced. Its efficacy and tolerability profiles are similar to those of carbamazepine, from which oxcarbazepine…
General information When first marketed, the oxazolidinones represented the first truly new class of antibacterial agents to reach the marketplace in several decades [ ]. They have a unique mechanism of action, involving inhibition of the first step in protein…
See also Benzodiazepines General information Oxazepam, which is a metabolite of temazepam and desmethyldiazepam, is itself used as a benzodiazepine for the management of insomnia. It is slowly absorbed, has a relatively short half-life (5–15 hours), and is metabolized primarily…