Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs

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General information Pentamorphone (14β-pentylaminomorphinone) was developed as a potent opiate with a rapid onset and short duration of action, similar to that of fentanyl, which was reported to produce analgesia with limited depression of ventilation [ ]. However, it proved…

General information Pentamidine, an aromatic diamine, has been known since the late 1930s as a treatment for trypanosomiasis and some forms of leishmaniasis. In recent times it has been extensively used in the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Its mechanism…

General information Pentagastrin is a short peptide that stimulates the production of gastric acid from the stomach by a direct action on gastrin receptors and of calcitonin from thyroid C cells [ ]. It also acts on cholecystokinin receptors centrally…

See also Beta-lactam antibiotics General information The basic structure of the penicillins consists of a thiazolidine ring, the beta-lactam ring, and a side chain. The beta-lactam ring is essential for antibacterial activity. The side chain determines in large part the…

General information Penicillamine is dimethylcysteine or 2-amino-3-mercapto-3-methylbutyric acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid. It has three functional groups that largely determine its pharmacological effects: an alpha-amine, a carboxyl, and a sulfhydryl group. Because the levorotatory isomer, l -penicillamine, is a pyridoxine…

General information Pemoline has similar pharmacological actions to dexamfetamine and methylphenidate, and was used in the management of hyperactivity disorders in children. However, the evidence linking pemoline to life-threatening liver failure prompted the Food and Drugs Administration to require the…

General information Pemirolast is a mast-cell stabilizer, like cromoglicate, used in eye-drops for the treatment of allergic disorders [ ]. It has also been used to prevent coronary artery restenosis after the insertion of a stent [ ]. Drug studies…

General information Pemetrexed (LY231514, MTA) is an antifolate congener. It is transported into cells by the reduced folate carrier and undergoes intracellular polyglutamylation, resulting in a persistent cytotoxic metabolite, which targeting several enzymes simultaneously, including dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, GARFT,…

General information Pegvisomant is a genetically engineered growth hormone analogue that acts as a growth hormone receptor antagonist and is used to treat acromegaly. Drug studies Observational studies In 229 patients with a 9 year history of acromegaly who were…