General information The lower aliphatic alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, 2-propanol, N -propanol, and 1-propanol) are widely used for skin antisepsis. In appropriate concentrations, these alcohols are bactericidal to most of the common pathogenic bacteria, but some rare species survive and can…
See also Antihistamines General information Alimemazine is a phenothiazine derivative with sedative antihistaminic and antimuscarinic effects. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log…
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See also Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists General information Alfuzosin is a uroselective alpha 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist used to relieve the symptoms of prostatic hyperplasia [ ]. Its safety has been investigated in a large prospective 3-year open trial in 3228 patients with…
See also Opioid analgesics General information Alfentanil is a potent short-acting opioid used in anesthesia. Beside its effects on opioid receptors, there is some evidence that it may affect acetylcholine, since intrathecal neostigmine produced a dose-dependent increase in the effect…
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See also Monoclonal antibodies General information Alemtuzumab (campath-1H) is a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for the CDw52 antigen, present on cell membranes of lymphocytes and monocytes. It has been used for treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis, is…
General information Alefacept is a bioengineered fusion protein of soluble lymphocyte function antigen (LFA-3) with Fc fragments of IgG1. It blocks the LFA-3/CD2 interaction necessary for activation and proliferation of memory effector T cells by binding to CD2 expressed on…
General information Aldose reductase inhibitors [ ] have been developed for the treatment of secondary complications in diabetes [ , ]. They include alrestatin, benurestat, epalrestat, fidarestat, imirestat, lidorestat, minalrestat, ponalrestat, ranirestat, risarestat, sorbinil, tolrestat, zenarestat, and zopolrestat. The aldose…
General information Aldesleukin (interleukin-2, celmoleukin, proleukin, teceleukin) is produced by activated T lymphocytes and has pleiotropic immunological effects, including the proliferation of T lymphocytes. Non-glycosylated recombinant aldesleukin has been approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma [ ]…