See also Antidysrhythmic drugs General information The pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, clinical uses, efficacy, and adverse effects of aprindine have been extensively reviewed [ ]. The adverse effects of aprindine most commonly affect the central nervous system. However, other less common…
General information Aprepitant is a neurokinin-1 (NK 1 ) receptor antagonist. Substance P, a regulatory peptide that is the preferred endogenous ligand at NK 1 receptors, is found in the gastrointestinal tract (vagal afferents) and areas of the central nervous…
General information Apomorphine, a very potent non-selective dopamine agonist, which acts on both D1 and D2 receptors, has been used with some success in Parkinson’s disease, particularly in patients with severe long-term adverse effects of levodopa. Because of first-pass metabolism…
See also Herbal medicines General information Genera in the family of Apocynaceae ( Table 1 ) include dogbane, oleander, and periwinkle. Table 1 Genera of Apocynaceae Adenium (desert rose) Landolphia (landolphia) Allamanda (allamanda) Lepinia Alstonia (alstonia) Macrosiphonia (rock trumpet) Alyxia…
See also Factor Xa inhibitors, direct General information Apixaban is a follow-up compound with high oral systemic availability (50–85%) and a half-life of about 12 hours. Apixaban is cleared through renal (25%) and fecal routes and is given twice daily.…
See also Herbal medicines General information There are about 100 genera in the family of Apiaceae (formerly Umbelliferae), including a variety of spices and vegetables, such as angelica, anise, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, parsley, and parsnip (…
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See also Hymenoptera venoms General information Antivenoms (also called antivenins) have been developed against a variety of venomous creatures, including rattlesnakes, scorpions, and snakes. Scorpion antivenom There are over 1700 species of scorpions worldwide, of which those in the Buthidae…
See also individual agents General information Antituberculosis drugs are classified as first-line and second-line.First-line drugs are ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin; streptomycin, once first-line, is no longer used. Second-line drugs are capreomycin, clofazimine, cycloserine, ethionamide and propionamide, fluoroquinolones, kanamycin, para-aminosalicylic…
General information Antithymocyte globulin is a polyclonal antibody directed against T lymphocyte surface antigens. It is used as an induction immunosuppressant and for treatment of acute rejection after transplantation. Major adverse effects include sensitization, fever, nausea, anaphylactic reactions, and higher…