See also Calcium channel blockers General information Barnidipine is a dihydropyridine with antihypertensive activity and tolerability similar to that of other calcium antagonists of the same class. The most frequent adverse events are edema, headache, and flushing, but barnidipine does…
General information Oral barium sulfate is theoretically non-toxic, but constipation and abdominal pain are not uncommon after barium meals or barium enemas [ ]. The main risk is that collections of barium will remain in the colon; they can persist…
See also Methohexital ; Phenobarbital ; Primidone ; Thiopental sodium General information Barbituric acid was synthesized by Adolph von Baeyer in 1864, and a derivative, 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid was used as a hypnotic by Josef von Mering in 1885, following experiments…
See also Beta 2 -adrenoceptor agonists General information The efficacy of long-acting β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains unclear, but their role in treatment regimens, particularly in comparison with oral theophylline, has been reviewed…
General information Baclofen is a chlorophenyl derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a naturally occurring inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. It is of proven therapeutic value in reducing the severity of flexor or extensor spasms resulting from spinal…
General information Bacitracin has mostly dermatological uses. It can cause allergic reactions of the delayed type. A shock-like picture after local application has occurred in a hypersensitive individual [ ]. Since bacitracin is nephrotoxic, it should not be given intraperitoneally…
See also Vaccines General information Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a suspension of living tubercle bacilli of the Calmette–Guérin strain. It is used mainly prophylactically against tuberculosis, but also as a means of stimulating the immune response in malignant disease.…
See also Macrolide antibiotics General information The overall adverse reactions rate for azithromycin is 0.7% [ ]. Only diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain occurred in over 1% of patients. Other adverse effects that were reported from clinical trials in adults…
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See also Antihistamines General information Azelastine is a second-generation antihistamine, a phthalazinone compound with antiallergic and bronchodilator properties [ ]. It is available as a nasal spray and in oral form for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma as…