Personal Philosophy Rhinoplasty at any age is a complex operation that requires precise preoperative diagnosis to select the appropriate surgical technique. Owing to variations in nasal anatomy and aesthetic expectations, no single technique is appropriate for all patients. Each rhinoplasty…
History The history of autologous fat transfer stretches back over an entire century. The first clinical case of fat transfer was described by Neuber in 1893, who reported the use of parcels of fat harvested from the upper extremity to…
History Cervicofacial lipectomy, performed by liposuction or direct fat excision, is a powerful tool in lower face and neck rejuvenation. Lipectomy may be useful in younger and older patients to remove unwanted deposits of fat, contour the corpulent face, and…
Introduction The secret of a beautiful face lies behind a well-balanced proportion of facial features and is a composite of all of the anatomical elements, including skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscle, bone, and teeth. Facial plastic surgeons strive daily with the…
History Chin augmentation has been performed using autografts, alloplastic materials, and mandibular advancement procedures. Autografts are complicated by the need for a donor site, difficulty with shaping the grafts, and their unpredictable pattern of resorption . In contrast, alloplastic implants…
Introduction The basis for all facial rejuvenation is an appreciation for normal aesthetic beauty and anatomy, the recognition of aging changes, and the knowledge to use various techniques, procedures, and biomaterials to recreate a more youthful face. In the youthful…
History The tridimensional endoscopic facelift is based upon the construct of the subperiosteal facelift technique initially described by Tessier .Tessier conceived that this “orthomorphic” subperiosteal facelift would be an innovative way to provide facial rejuvenation in young and middle-age patients…
History The history of facial rejuvenation has mainly focused on addressing cervicofacial laxity. In 1919 Bettman and Bourget simultaneously presented their experience with subcutaneous rhytidectomy . In 1960 Aufricht was the first to describe plication of the tissue deep to…
History The senior author's first experience with rhytidectomy was during residency in the late 1970s. At that time, the emphasis was on extensive defatting of the neck with complete platysma muscle transection, plicating medial borders and pulling laterally. However, several…
Introduction The gradual transformation of the aging face culminates in predictable changes in the surface topography and anatomical relationships of facial subunits. The morphogenesis affects individuals on a variable time course, as each person has a unique underlying bone structure…