Videos available online INTRODUCTION Over the last decade, reconstruction of the nose has reached a high level of sophistication with enhancement of aesthetic results. This has been achieved by emphasizing the necessity of replacing surgically ablated tissue with like tissue.…
Videos available online INTRODUCTION During the past two centuries, hundreds of surgical procedures have been described for the purpose of eyelid reconstruction, perhaps because of the great value attached to the eyes and vision by our culture. The list of…
INTRODUCTION The optimal aesthetic reconstruction using a local cutaneous flap is dependent on the size of the cutaneous defect and the orientation of the flap in relationship to relaxed skin tension lines (RSTLs). The effects on surrounding facial structures from…
INTRODUCTION The epidermis, the most superficial layer of skin, consists of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. The predominant cell type is the keratinocyte, making up 80% of the cells. Layers of the epidermis include the basal cell, prickle cell, granular cell,…
Videos available online INTRODUCTION The principle of Z-plasty is one of the most versatile concepts in reconstructive surgery. The dynamics of tissue movement that occur with Z-plasty are particularly suited for certain types of scar revision. A clear understanding of…
Videos available online INTRODUCTION Median forehead flaps were first described in an Indian medical treatise, the Sushruta Samita, in approximately 700 BCE. The operation was performed by members of a caste of potters known as the Koomas . The need…
Videos available online INTRODUCTION The melolabial crease delineates the cheek from the caudal nose and from the upper and lower lips. It is created by the insertion of the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) into the skin at the junction…
Videos available online INTRODUCTION Ever since the advent of Mohs’ micrographic surgery for the treatment of cutaneous malignant neoplasms, complex surgical defects of the head and neck have become increasingly challenging to repair with an acceptable functional and aesthetic result.…
Videos available online INTRODUCTION The original design of the bilobe flap is attributed to Esser, who described its use in 1918 for reconstruction of nasal tip defects. Ziminy and others expanded the use of the flap to reconstruct defects on…
INTRODUCTION Most local cutaneous flaps used in the head and neck have some component of advancement during movement of the flap to the recipient site. An example is the paramedian interpolated forehead flap. Although this flap is classified as pivotal,…